lahori chanay recipe

 لاہوری چنے کی ریسپی

اجزاء:

• 1 کپ چنے
• 1/2 کپ لال مرچ پاؤڈر
• 1/2 کپ پسی ہوئی ہلدی
• 1/2 کپ پسی ہوئی زیرہ
• 1/2 کپ پسی ہوئی لال مرچ
• 1/2 کپ پسی ہوئی دھنیا
• 1/2 کپ پسی ہوئی گرم مسالہ
• 1/2 کپ پسا ہوا گھی
• 1/2 کپ پیاز، باریک کٹا ہوا
• 3 ٹماٹر، باریک کٹے ہوئے
• 2 چائے کے چمچ ادرک لہسن کا پیسٹ
• 1/2 کپ ٹماٹر کی پسی ہوئی پیسٹ
• 1/2 کپ دہی
• 1/2 کپ پانی
• نمک حسب ذائقہ
• سبزیاں حسب پسند (گاجر، آلو، سبز مرچ، سلاد)

ترکیب:

1. چنوں کو رات بھر بھگو دیں۔
2. ایک پین میں چنے، پانی، نمک اور لال مرچ پاؤڈر ڈال کر ابال لیں۔
3. چنے ابالنے کے بعد، انہیں نچلے حصے میں صاف کر لیں۔
4. ایک پین میں گھی گرم کریں اور اس میں پیاز شامل کر کریں اور گولڈن براؤن ہونے تک بھونیں۔
5. پیاز کے بھوننے کے بعد، اس میں ادرک لہسن کا پیسٹ شامل کریں اور ایک منٹ تک بھونیں۔
6. اب، اس میں ٹماٹر کی پسی ہوئی پیسٹ شامل کریں اور 5 منٹ تک بھونیں۔
7. اب، اس میں تمام خشک مسالے شامل کریں اور ایک منٹ تک بھونیں۔
8. اب، اس میں دہی شامل کریں اور 5 منٹ تک بھونیں۔
9. اب، اس میں چنے شامل کریں اور اچھی طرح سے ملا لیں۔
10. چنوں کو 20-25 منٹ تک پکائیں، یا جب تک کہ وہ نرم نہ ہو جائیں۔
11. اب، اس میں سبزیاں شامل کریں اور 5 منٹ تک پکائیں۔
12. گرم گرم پیش کریں۔

ٹائم میرمنٹ:

• چنے بھگونے کا وقت: 8-10 گھنٹے
• چنے ابالنے کا وقت: 30-45 منٹ
• چنے پکانے کا وقت: 20-25 منٹ
• مجموعی وقت: 12-15 گھنٹے

ٹپس:

• چنے کو اچھی طرح سے بھگونے سے وہ نرم ہو جاتے ہیں اور جلدی پک جاتے ہیں۔
• چنے ابالتے وقت، انہیں نچلے حصے میں صاف کرنا ضروری ہے تاکہ وہ گل نہ جائیں۔
• چنے پکانے کے لیے، آپ کو ایک بڑے برتن کی ضرورت ہوگی تاکہ چنے آرام سے پک سکیں۔
• چنے پکانے کے دوران، انہیں اچھی طرح سے ملانا ضروری ہے تاکہ وہ یکساں طور پر پکیں۔
• اگر آپ چاہیں تو، آپ چنوں میں 1-2 چمچ ہلدی کا پیسٹ بھی شامل کر سکتے ہیں۔

مزیدار لاہوری چنے کی ریسپی

لاہوری چنے ایک مشہور پاکستانی ناشتے ہے جو اپنے مزیدار ذائقے اور کنارے کے لیے جانا جاتا ہے۔ یہ ریسپی لاہوری چنوں کو بنانے کا ایک آسان اور مکمل طریقہ ہے جو آپ اپنے گھر میں بنا سکتے ہیں۔ اس ریسپی میں، ہم نے چنوں کو لال مرچ پاؤڈر، ہلدی، زیرہ، لال مرچ، دھنیا، گرم مسالہ، پیاز، ٹماٹر، ادرک لہسن کے پیسٹ، دہی، اور سبزیوں کے ساتھ پکایا ہے۔ یہ ترکیب آپ کو بہترین مزیدار اور کنارے لاہوری چنے بنانے میں مدد کرے گی۔

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What are the main challenges of development in Pakistan?

Some of the main, high and, small level all types of challenges of development in Pakistan are:

- Poor infrastructure: This is a high-level challenge that affects the mobility, connectivity, and quality of life of the people of Pakistan. Pakistan lacks adequate roads, bridges, buildings, and public facilities that can facilitate the movement of goods and services, the access to markets and opportunities, and the provision of basic needs. The completion of the projects that have been started or announced by the previous governments, such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), is also uncertain and delayed¹.

- Low education: This is a high-level challenge that affects the human capital, productivity, and innovation of the people of Pakistan. Pakistan has a low human development index (HDI) ranking of 150 out of 189 countries, and one of the main reasons is the poor state of education in the country. Pakistan has a high rate of illiteracy, dropout, and learning poverty, especially among girls and rural areas. The quality and availability of schools, colleges, and universities are also inadequate²⁵.

- High unemployment: This is a high-level challenge that affects the income, welfare, and security of the people of Pakistan. Pakistan's economy is under severe stress with low foreign reserves, a depreciating currency, and high inflation. The unemployment rate in Pakistan is estimated to be 6.1 percent in 2023⁴. The lack of industries, businesses, and services that can create jobs and income for the population is also a major challenge. The agriculture, livestock, and tourism sectors are also underdeveloped and face various constraints¹⁵.

- Weak governance: This is a high-level challenge that affects the public service delivery, development schemes, and accountability of the government of Pakistan. Pakistan suffers from corruption, political instability, and policy uncertainty that affect its performance and credibility. The distribution of resources and opportunities among the different provinces and regions of Pakistan is also unfair and unequal. The transparency, responsiveness, and participation of the administration are also low¹ .

- Environmental degradation: This is a medium-level challenge that affects the health, sustainability, and resilience of the people and ecosystems of Pakistan. Pakistan faces various environmental problems, such as air pollution, water scarcity, land degradation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, climate change, natural disasters, etc. These problems have negative impacts on the quality of life, economic growth, social stability, and disaster preparedness of Pakistan¹ .

- Social inequality: This is a medium-level challenge that affects the justice, harmony, and diversity of the people of Pakistan. Pakistan has a high level of social inequality based on various factors, such as income, gender, ethnicity, religion, caste, region, etc. These factors create barriers to access to education, health care, employment, justice, representation, etc., for many groups and individuals in Pakistan. These factors also cause social conflicts and violence in Pakistan¹ .

- Cultural erosion: This is a small-level challenge that affects the identity,

heritage,

and creativity

of

the people

of

Pakistan.

Pakistan has

a rich

and diverse

cultural

heritage

that reflects

its history,

geography,

and diversity.

However,

this heritage

is under threat

from various factors,

such as globalization,

modernization,

urbanization,

migration,

conflict,

etc.

These factors

can lead to

the loss

of cultural

diversity,

traditions,

languages,

arts,

crafts,

etc.,

in Pakistan¹ .

These are some of the main,

high

and,

small level all types

of challenges

of development

in Pakistan

that need to be addressed by the government

and other stakeholders.

However,

there may be other issues

and needs

that are important for the people

of Pakistan as well.

Therefore,

it is essential that the government engages with the people

of Pakistan

and listens to their voice

and aspirations.

I hope this helps you understand the challenges

of development

in Pakistan better.

😊

Sources this information 

(1) Pakistan Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pakistan/overview.

(2) Long-standing Structural Challenges Pose Risks to Pakistan’s Sustained .... https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/04/19/long-standing-structural-challenges-pose-risks-to-pakistan-s-sustained-growth-world-bank-bi-annual-pakistan-development-.

(3) Education in Pakistan: problems, challenges and their solution - The Nation. https://www.nation.com.pk/13-Apr-2023/education-in-pakistan-problems-challenges-and-their-solution.

(4) Economic Problems of Pakistan 2023 Challenges - he. https://he.com.pk/pakistan/economic-problems-of-pakistan/.

(5) Human development in Pakistan: challenges and way forward - Daily Times. https://dailytimes.com.pk/527244/human-development-in-pakistan-challenges-and-way-forward/.

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famous scientists from Pakistan

 There are many famous scientists from Pakistan who have contributed to various fields of science and technology. Some of the most notable ones are:

- **Abdus Salam**, who was the first Pakistani and the first Muslim scientist to win a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for his work on the electroweak theory of fundamental interactions¹⁵. He also founded the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Italy and promoted scientific research and education in developing countries⁵.

- **Abdul Qadeer Khan**, who is considered the father of Pakistan's nuclear program and a pioneer of uranium enrichment technology¹³. He led the development of Pakistan's first atomic bomb and also established the Khan Research Laboratories, which is a major nuclear research facility³.

- **Ansar Pervaiz**, who is a nuclear scientist and engineer who served as the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission from 2009 to 2014¹. He played a key role in enhancing Pakistan's nuclear power generation capacity and also supervised the construction of the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant and the Khushab Nuclear Complex¹.

- **Aban Marker Kabraji**, who is a biologist and environmentalist who is currently the regional director of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Asia¹. She has worked on various projects related to biodiversity conservation, climate change adaptation, and sustainable development in Asia¹.

- **Qasim Mehdi**, who is a molecular biologist and geneticist who is known for his research on human genetics, especially the genetic diversity and history of the people of Pakistan and South Asia¹. He has also contributed to the fields of forensic science, medical genetics, and biotechnology¹.

- **Atta-ur Rahman**, who is an organic chemist and a leading expert on natural product chemistry¹. He has discovered over 1000 new compounds from plants and marine sources and has published over 1200 research papers and 45 books¹. He has also received many national and international awards, including the UNESCO Science Prize and the Islamic Development Bank Prize¹.

- **Nergis Mavalvala**, who is an astrophysicist and a professor at MIT who was part of the team that detected gravitational waves for the first time in 2016⁴. She is also a pioneer in the field of quantum optics and has developed innovative techniques for measuring and manipulating quantum states of light⁴.

These are just some examples of the many brilliant scientists from Pakistan who have made significant contributions to science and humanity. You can learn more about them and other Pakistani scientists by visiting their websites or reading their biographies. I hope you find this information interesting and inspiring. 😊

Sources information 

(1) 10 Famous Scientists of Pakistan | Academia. https://academiamag.com/10-famous-scientists-of-pakistan/.

(2) undefined. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdus-Salam.

(3) List of Pakistani scientists - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_scientists.

(4) Famous Scientists from Pakistan | List of Top Pakistani Scientists - Ranker. https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-scientists-from-pakistan/reference.

(5) . https://bing.com/search?q=Pakistan+famous+scientists+names.

(6) undefined. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191014-abdus-salam-the-muslim-science-genius-forgotten-by-history.

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Biology All branches

 Biology is a vast and diverse field of study that covers many aspects of life and living organisms. There are many branches of biology, each with its own focus and scope. Here are some of the major branches of biology and their definitions, along with some examples of topics they study:

- Anatomy: Study of the structure of living things and their parts. For example, anatomy studies how the human body is organized into different systems and organs.

- Astrobiology: Study of the living universe. For example, astrobiology explores the possibility of life on other planets and the origin of life on Earth.

- Biotechnology: Study of technology related to biology. For example, biotechnology uses genetic engineering to modify organisms for various purposes, such as medicine, agriculture, and industry.

- Botany: Scientific study of plants. For example, botany studies the diversity, classification, physiology, ecology, and evolution of plants.

- Biochemistry: Study of chemical processes within or related to living organisms. For example, biochemistry studies how molecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids function in cells.

- Biophysics: Study of physical processes and phenomena in living organisms. For example, biophysics studies how forces, energy, and matter affect biological systems.

- Bionics: Study of mechanical systems that work like living things or as part of a living organism. For example, bionics studies how artificial limbs, organs, and devices can mimic or enhance natural functions.

- Bioinformatics: Study of interpreting biological information through computer science. For example, bioinformatics uses algorithms and databases to analyze and store biological data, such as DNA sequences, gene expression, and protein structures.

- Cell Biology: Study of cell structure and functions. For example, cell biology studies how cells communicate, divide, differentiate, and interact with their environment.

- Chemical Biology: Study of the use of chemistry to solve biological problems. For example, chemical biology uses synthetic molecules to manipulate or probe biological systems.

- Computational Biology: Study of using biological information to develop algorithms to comprehend biological systems. For example, computational biology uses mathematical models and simulations to understand complex phenomena such as gene regulation, neural networks, and population dynamics.

- Conservation Biology: Study of environmental conservation and biodiversity on the earth. For example, conservation biology studies the threats to endangered species and ecosystems and the strategies to protect them.

- Chronobiology: Study of effects of time on biological events as well as internal biological rhythms and clocks. For example, chronobiology studies how circadian rhythms regulate sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, and metabolism.

- Developmental Biology: Study of the growth and development processes of plants and animals. For example, developmental biology studies how embryos form from fertilized eggs and how cells differentiate into specialized tissues and organs.

- Evolutionary Biology: Study of evolutionary processes and diversification and adaptation of life over time. For example, evolutionary biology studies the origin of species, the mechanisms of natural selection, the patterns of phylogeny, and the molecular basis of evolution.

- Ecology: Study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environment. For example, ecology studies the distribution, abundance, behavior, and interactions of populations and communities of organisms.

- Environmental Biology: Study of evolution, habitats and adaptations of living organisms. For example,

environmental biology studies how environmental factors such as climate change,

pollution,

and human activities affect biodiversity

and ecosystem functioning.

These are just some examples of the many branches

of biology that exist. There are also many sub-disciplines

and interdisciplinary fields that combine aspects

of different branches

of biology or other sciences. Some examples are:

- Genetics: Study

of inheritance

and variation

of traits in organisms. Genetics is a sub-discipline

of both biochemistry

and evolutionary biology

and also relates to biotechnology

and medicine.

- Marine Biology: Study

of marine life

and ocean ecosystems. Marine biology is a sub-discipline

of both ecology

and zoology

and also relates to environmental biology

and conservation biology.

- Medicine: Science

of diagnosis,

treatment,

and prevention

of diseases

and disorders in humans

and animals. Medicine is an interdisciplinary field that combines aspects

of anatomy,

physiology,

biochemistry,

pharmacology,

immunology,

microbiology,

pathology,

and many other branches

of biology.

- Microbiology: Study

of microorganisms such as bacteria,

viruses,

fungi,

protozoa,

and algae. Microbiology is a sub-discipline

of both cell biology

and biochemistry

and also relates to medicine,

biotechnology,

and environmental biology.

- Molecular Biology: Study

of molecular structures

and functions in living organisms. Molecular biology is a sub-discipline

of both biochemistry

and cell biology

and also relates to genetics,

biotechnology,

and bioinformatics.

- Physiology: Study

of the functions

and mechanisms

of living systems at various levels from cells to organs to organisms. Physiology is a sub-discipline

of both anatomy

and biophysics

and also relates to medicine,

ecology,

and environmental biology.

- Zoology: Scientific study

of animals. Zoology is a sub-discipline

of both ecology

and evolutionary biology

and also relates to botany,

anatomy,

physiology,

and behavior.

These are just some examples of the many sub-disciplines

and interdisciplinary fields that exist in biology. There are also many more specialized fields that focus on specific topics or groups of organisms, such as entomology (study of insects), neurobiology (study of the nervous system), paleontology (study of fossils), and virology (study of viruses).

Biology is a fascinating and diverse field of study that covers many aspects of life and living organisms. It is also a dynamic and constantly evolving field that incorporates new discoveries and technologies. Biology is important for understanding ourselves and the world around us, as well as for solving many challenges and problems that we face in the fields of health, environment, agriculture, industry, and education. Biology is also a rewarding and exciting career choice for those who are curious, creative, and passionate about life.

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Dil dil pakistan ja ja pakistan lyrics in english

 My Heart is Pakistan

(Verse 1) Oh, Pakistan, my fair land, With skies so clear and bright, Where else on Earth can you be found? May your light forever shine so bright.

(Chorus) My heart is Pakistan, My soul is Pakistan, My heart is Pakistan, My soul is Pakistan.

(Verse 2) When two hearts meet, true love's face is there, A wreath of flowers, a symbol of our care. Such a fair land, such a clear sky, Where else on Earth can you be found?

(Chorus) My heart is Pakistan, My soul is Pakistan, My heart is Pakistan, My soul is Pakistan.

(Bridge) We love our home more than our own soul, More than our heart, it's our guiding star. Our home is more dear than every wish, More than our heart, it's our guiding star.

(Chorus) My heart is Pakistan, My soul is Pakistan, My heart is Pakistan, My soul is Pakistan.

(Outro) My heart is Pakistan, My soul is Pakistan.

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How to Make the Perfect Cappuccino

 Sure! Here's a detailed recipe for making the perfect cappuccino:

Ingredients:

- 1 shot of espresso

- 1 cup of milk (whole milk recommended)

- Cocoa powder or cinnamon (for garnish)

- Sugar (optional, to taste)

Equipment:

- Espresso machine (or moka pot)

- Milk frother or steam wand

- Coffee grinder

- Coffee tamper

- Espresso cups

- Thermometer (optional)

Step-by-step instructions:

1. Start by grinding your coffee beans to a fine consistency. Aim for about 18-20 grams of coffee for a double shot of espresso.

2. Preheat your espresso machine and pull a double shot of espresso. If you're using a moka pot, follow the manufacturer's instructions to brew a strong espresso-like coffee.

3. While the espresso is brewing, pour the milk into a stainless steel pitcher. Use cold milk and fill the pitcher no more than one-third full.

4. If you're using a milk frother, follow the manufacturer's instructions to froth the milk until it reaches a velvety texture. If you have a steam wand, place it just below the surface of the milk and create a whirlpool effect until the milk expands and doubles in volume.

5. Once the milk has reached the desired texture, gently tap the pitcher on a flat surface to remove any large bubbles. Swirl the milk in the pitcher to mix the froth and the liquid milk.

6. Pour the espresso into a cappuccino cup, aiming for a 1:1 ratio of espresso to milk.

7. Hold the pitcher at a slight angle and pour the frothed milk into the cup, starting from the center and gradually moving outward in a circular motion. Aim for a 1:1:1 ratio of espresso, frothed milk, and milk.

8. Once you've poured the desired amount of milk, continue to pour at a higher distance to create latte art, if desired.

9. Gently tap the cup on a flat surface to settle the milk and create a smooth surface.

10. Optional step: If you prefer a sweeter cappuccino, sprinkle some sugar on top of the frothed milk before pouring it into the cup.

11. Dust the top of the cappuccino with cocoa powder or cinnamon for added flavor and presentation.

12. Serve immediately and enjoy your perfect homemade cappuccino!

Note: If you'd like to achieve the ideal temperature for your cappuccino, use a thermometer to ensure that the milk is between 150°F and 155°F (65°C and 70°C) when frothing. This will help create a creamy texture and enhance the flavor of your cappuccino.

Written by Chatsonic

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